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Reflective Analysis

Monday, March 28, 2011 • •

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Reflective Analysis

My Film Studies coursework consisted of the creation of a short imagined film which required me to research the conventions of my chosen genre, planning my production, deciding what I wanted to achieve and actually creating and editing the short film. Although the option of working in a team was available to me I decided to work alone as the director, cinematographer and editor of my short film however I did, of course, use actors within my film. All of the planning and research was uploaded to a blogging platform, Blogger, and the URL is http://lnc-film-a2.blogspot.com.

My aims were to create a film in the style of a suspense thriller to appeal to a target audience of 18-30 year old, middle class females with an intellectual leaning and feministic views; to use cinematography, editing and sound to create tension within the audience; to create an audience alignment with that character of Roselyn despite her immoral actions; and to effectively foreshadow plot elements using intertextuality. My narrative consists of two criminals who come home after a fourth successful bank robbery. When Roselyn is in the kitchen making cups of tea for them both she listens to a voicemail message left for Smith from his ex-girlfriend wanting to know if they were still going to run away together with the money. Roselyn is distraught and decides to kill Smith by poisoning his tea with rat poison. When she brings it through she begins acting suspiciously and Smith asks for some biscuits to get her out of the room while he inspects his tea cup. He knows something is wrong with it and so switches the cups. When Roselyn returns she drinks from her cup and pretends to be dying. This causes Smith to gulp from his switched cup in triumph however it turns out that Roselyn had pre-empted that he would switch the cups and initially gave herself the poisoned tea cup. Smith is laid dying as Roselyn explains her actions to him and once he is dead, she lays a rose on his body.

The reasons for the character names of Smith and Roselyn are also important. I called the male character Smith because I really wanted to do everything I could to make sure audiences did not empathise with him and a name like Smith suggests an anonymity about him as it is the most common last name in the UK and is a popular alias for people trying to hide their true identity for whatever reason. I called the female character Roselyn for a simpler reason, the root of the name is Rose and I wanted to hint to the audience that like a rose she has thorns. However I didn’t want to be as obvious as to just call her Rose, so I called her Roselyn, shortened to ‘Ros’ by Smith, a more mature version of the name.

I began my project by first outlining my genre, a thriller, or more specifically a suspense thriller, and the narrative type, ‘The Spider and The Fly’ (or ‘Circe’) in which the antagonist lures the protagonist into a trap. After this, I began researching my chosen genre, looking for key features and conventional macro features which I would intend to emulate in my own film. I found that thrillers utilize the elements of suspense and tension often such as in Hitchcock’s films Psycho (1960, Alfred Hitchcock) and Rear Window (1954, Alfred Hitchcock). I also found that thrillers are characterised by portraying an atmosphere of menace, violence, crime and murder by showing society as a dark and dangerous world rife with corruption such as the city of Gotham in ‘The Dark Knight’ (2008, Christopher Nolan). The genre, especially suspense thrillers, also utilizes a lot of literary devices such as plot twists, red herrings and cliff-hangers, such as in ‘Inception’ (2010, Christopher Nolan), which uses all three throughout the film, most notably at the end of the film in which the viewer is left wondering whether Cobb is truly in the real world or if he is still in a dream world. Another feature of thrillers is that they often involve romantic love triangles that end up leading to murder, a feature I utilized for the majority of my plot, Roselyn murders Smith because he was cheating on her. I chose to use a male and a female for this reason, while making the female the lead character, something that has more common these days but was virtually unheard of in mainstream thrillers of the past, for example Vertigo (1958, US, Alfred Hitchcock). In another effort to challenge the conventions of thrillers, I actively tried to avoid any possibility of the character of Roselyn being subjected to the ‘male gaze.’ It would have been easy for me to make Roselyn appear to be a femme fatale type character to give a clue to the audience of her ultimately murderous nature but instead I dressed her in shapeless clothes and didn’t allow my actress to wear much make up.

While my actual narrative was from entirely my own imagination, I did draw influence from three specific films that dealt with similar themes but I was mainly influenced by their micro elements when dealing with specific scenes. Such as in Kill Bill Volume 2 (Quentin Tarantino, 2004, USA) when Elle has just set a poisonous snake on Budd in his trailer, she sits and leans over him as he dies, but for the first few shots she is upside down to the viewer, putting them directly into Budd’s position below her. This allows Elle to look extremely dominating and is an effect I used in my film, when Roselyn explains to Smith how she tricked him. The effect is extremely disorientating to the viewer as well which again puts the audience in Smith’s position as he would most definitely be feeling disorientated as he lays dying on the floor.

Another film I drew influence from was Psycho (1960, Alfred Hitchcock, USA) which I have already previously mentioned. The scene in question that interested me was the penultimate shot in which Norman Bates is alone in his jail cell and after an internal monologue looks into the camera and smiles. It is very off-putting and is disturbing for the audience to be directly addressed by a murderer. I did intend to have a long shot turning to a close up in my film, like in Psycho, but filming constraints i.e. the size of the room and the lack of a dolly track meant that it would not have looked effective at all. However in the final scene Roselyn does look into the camera and engage the audience directly, however she does not smile as I thought that it might discourage alignment with her if she looks too pleased at the end of the film.

Finally, the last film I textually analysed was Mr. and Mrs. Smith, which although it has more of a comedic feel than a thriller it contains a scene dealing with a couple’s betrayal of each other and possibly poisoned food. The main thing that I wanted to emulate from this scene is the use of high angled close ups and low angled close ups to show who had the power at each moment in time during the scene. This is something I think I have successfully recreated throughout my entire film, especially, of course, during the scenes of suspicion.

I also looked into music from many different sources to use in my film but primarily music from film soundtracks by composers such as John Murphy (28 Days Later soundtrack) and Ennio Morricone (several tracks are featured in Kill Bill’s soundtrack). However, two songs that were composed by Robert Rodriguez for Kill Bill Volume 2 really stood out for me and I knew that they would be perfect for the poisoning scene and the Smith’s death scene. I then began looking into classical, romantic piano pieces from a compilation album I borrowed from my college library entitled “Myleene’s Music For Romance.” Two songs stood out for me on the album, Gnosienne No. 1 by Satie and Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven because while the songs are romantic, they are also very dark, perfect for personifying Smith and Roselyn’s relationship.

Next I had to write the screenplay for it, but as I’m not experienced in writing fully accurate screenplays I combined the script with a shooting list and worked from that which worked perfectly well for me. Once the script was written I needed to then get all my props together for the shoot.

For the props some simple, everyday things were needed to create verisimilitude and narrative prompts such as the TV set and DVD player (although in the end I used an XBOX 360); a duffel bag full of money (money is implied); a black balaclava (which both characters wore but in two different shots); a kettle, two cups, tea bags, sugar pot, two spoons and milk; a mobile phone (mine to be precise); sofas/chairs and table; a newspaper; and a packet of biscuits. The only really symbolic props were that of the rose and the rat poison, with each being a metaphor for Roselyn and Smith, respectively. However with the rose I made sure it was visible a few times during the film framed in the shot just behind Roselyn however I didn’t want to point it out too much until the final scene.

Regarding costume, I chose to dress both my characters in plain, black clothes, both to connotate their hidden characteristics of betrayal and to create verisimilitude – real criminals who had just completed a bank would most likely be wearing black clothing. For the location I decided to use my friend Leann's kitchen and living room as locations for shooting as my house was too brightly lit, whereas were darker lit and more cramped, more suitable for a thriller film. She also has black leather sofas which connotate wealth, but not extravagant wealth (Smith & Roselyn aren't foolish with their stolen money).

Actually filming my short film was relatively problem free except for one minor hiccup along the way which was that my actor portraying Smith decided to drop out unexpectedly which really left me in the lurch. I then rewrote the script to have the film be about two female partners in crime instead of a couple but after feeling it would be too damaging to my overall aims of what I wanted this film to be, I managed to talk to the actor and convince him into returning to his role of Smith. Apart from that, everything else went smoothly and I shot the entire film in five separate days of filming. Three of those days were conventional filming however one of them was recording my sister’s voice on speaker phone (as she was in Whitby at the time) reading Smith’s ex-girlfriend’s lines for the voicemail message which was simple enough and one was filming an actress, Jenny, reading her lines as the newsreader in my college’s green room, chroma-keying the footage in Premiere Pro, then playing the footage on the television during shooting at Leann’s house. Although it meant a little more work I’m glad I did it as it added greatly to the verisimilitude and the believability of the broadcast because it was actually being played on the TV within the scene. I also showed clips from the film Shallow Grave (Danny Boyle, 1994, UK) on the television screen to foreshadow the upcoming betrayal and suspicion. The first scene in which David is questioning Alex about whether he knew that Juliet planned to run away with the money is played on the TV just before Roselyn discovers that Smith is planning on running away with the money with another woman. When Roselyn returns from the kitchen with the poisoned tea ready to trick and kill Smith, another scene can be seen on the TV from Shallow Grave in which Alex is pinned to the floor by a knife in his arm which Juliet begins hitting with her shoe to drive it deeper into him, effectively leaving him for dead. I would say these two elements of foreshadowing are very effective, however only to those media literate enough to pay attention, and to those who have actually already seen Shallow Grave, something of a cult hit and not very mainstream. That being said, that is exactly the type of audience I am aiming to attract with my short film as I have previously stated.

Luckily all of the editing was very straightforward, and I stuck to just using straightforward cuts for the entire film, excepting a fade in and out for the opening and ending of the film, respectively. However I did also use traditional film syntax and abided by the axis of action rule. I wanted to make sure that my film used continuity editing to make it as realistic as possible. I also used fast paced editing when Smith’s and Ros’ suspicions of each other were at their highest to generate suspense and tension in the audience.

I also made an extended title sequence during the editing process but couldn't use it because it made the overall length of my short film go over five minutes. It was slightly disappointing that I couldn't actually use these titles as I feel they get the audience focused and ready to watch my film whereas now my film simply begins with the news report and has the titles overlaying the first scene. The main difference with these titles and the ones I overlaid in my final film is that these titles were synced with the music so every new bar is given a new title which is conventional when considering title sequences for any genre of film. Also for the actual title itself of 'RAT' I used a Wipe effect to split the title up and have it come together from two sides to create the title in the middle. This is a direct homage to the title sequence of Psycho (1960, Alfred Hitchcock) designed by Saul Bass which used the exact same style. The two shapes coming from the left and the right sides of the screen don't make sense on their own, however at the end of the title screen they have come together and the audience can understand what it says, therefore it has connotative meaning; that being that at the beginning of the film you may be confused but it will all become clear in the end.

Although editing the short film together was entirely problem free, the same cannot be said for actually managing to export the project as a playable video file. Therefore I wasn’t able to upload any form of rushes to YouTube after each session of editing which is extremely regrettable. I initially thought it was because I had transcoded the original .mov files taken from my Canon EOS 550D into compressed .mp4 files, despite having done the exact same thing with no exporting problems many times before, however after consulting my college's technical advisor, seeking advice in forums and actually contacting Adobe for technical support it seemed as though there was nothing that could be done besides filming my project's output preview in Premiere Pro with one of college's HDV cameras and then making a new project for it in Premiere Pro, something that would severely degrade the overall quality of the short film itself.
However, when all hope seemed lost I thought I would try reinstalling my operating system, Windows 7, on my home computer and then reinstalling Premiere Pro and see if the project would then export successfully and to my surprise it worked first time, thereby eliminating the need for an extremely degraded quality recording as a substitute.

I believe my overall production has been very successful, as my audience feedback attests to. To gain my audience feedback I asked my tutor, Tim, to show my short film to one of his AS Level classes and get them to fill in a questionnaire I had devised. I was determined to get honest feedback from people I did not know, which I do not think I could have gained if I had simply asked my friends and classmates what they thought of it because there would always be some bias in the results. Fortunately my short film was received very well, attaining an average rating of 3.9/5 for males and 4.2 for females when asked how much they enjoyed my film. Already I can say that my aim to have my film appeal more to women than men has been successful.

The next question I asked was, “Was the plot easy to follow? Why/why not?” I asked this because I was worried that the film may have been too complex for some audiences to follow, however based on my feedback most people could easily follow the narrative, the exception being two audience members who didn't understand who left Smith the voicemail message and why Ros actually killed Smith. In retrospect, although the majority of audience members did easily follow the narrative I would've made these aspects of the plot more clear if the short film could have been longer than five minutes. However I did receive good comments about my use of the news report at the beginning of the film as it provided many background details to the story.

I then asked “Did you feel that the soundtrack added to the tension and mood of the film? Why/why not?” because the choice of soundtrack was very important to me as I wanted it to create the exact right tone to the film and every response to this question was positive so I think I succeeded. Some comments were that "the music built tension well, the piano music (Moonlight Sonata) towards the end got more intense as the situation got tenser" and "the song (Do I Look Pretty?) increasing in volume and oomph when the girl poisons the tea was effective." This proves that my aim of creating a tense atmosphere in the film was also achieved.

When I asked them, “What genre would you say my film is? -Romance / Thriller / Horror / Comedy / Drama- Why?” the majority of my participants correctly thought that my film was a thriller, 14 out of 21, however the other 7 responses felt that my film was a drama, but based on the subject content this is an easy mistake to make. Although thrillers tend to focus on crime, murder and infidelity, dramas also do these days, and because of the film's domestic setting this is probably why it was confused as a drama by some of the audience, although one of them did state that they thought it was a drama “because it was dramatic.”

Finally I asked them “Why do you think Ros laid a rose on Smith's body?” The reason I asked this question was because I was worried that the main reason for Ros laying a rose on Smith's dead body would go unrealised by most of my audience members and as it turns out, it was unrealised by all but one participant who remembered that Ros' first line in the film was stating her displeasure at Smith choosing a dead rat for their calling card and telling him he should've picked a rose. Therefore at the end of the movie, her laying a rose on his body is the audience's way of knowing that the rose is her new solo calling card. If I were to shoot the film again I would most likely make more out of Ros' wish for a rose to be their calling card, but because at least one person understood it without being told, I am glad that I included it. However, the majority of comments did state that the reason was to show a sarcastic love for him which was also my intent just not my primary intent.

All in all, I think I fulfilled my aims and what I wanted to get out of my short film
and am very happy that it was so positively received by my target audience.

Word Count: 3363 words.

Final Film

Sunday, March 20, 2011 • •

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Audience Feedback Results

Sunday, March 13, 2011 • •

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Below is an example of a completed film questionnaire.


Below is a chart I designed for me to easily analyse the results (will be explained below). I printed off the table and filled in the results by hand.



  • M/F means male or female and for age, the participants fit into one of four groups, shown above in the questionnaire.
  • For questions 1 and 2, a tick means that they gave a positive response to the question and a cross means a negative response. If there is a plus sign in the bottom right corner it means that they elaborated on why they gave their response.
  • For questions 3 and 4, there is either a tick or cross based on whether they gave the answer I desired, and a plus sign in the bottom right means whether they elaborated on their response. A dash means they did not answer the question.
  • For question 5, a number out of 5 was given for how much they enjoyed my film as a whole.
  • For the comments section, a tick means they did give an extra comment, and a tick with a cross means they gave a longer extra comment.


Each question serves it's own purpose which I shall now discuss.

What is your gender? - This is so I can determine whether a male or female is answering the questionnaire and to see whether gender has an impact on the results as my film is aimed at women more than men.

21 people answered the questionnaire, 11 male and 10 female and based on the score of how much they enjoyed my film the males total was 43 our of a possible 55 which makes the mean score 3.9/5 and the females total was 42 out of a possible 50 which means the mean score was 4.2/5 so this allows me to conclude that females did enjoy my film more than males.

How old are you? - I included this question because my college has a wide age range of students and it would've been interesting to see how age affects the reception to the video, however because I decided to get feedback from an AS film class, this means the question is a little redundant as the majority of students in the class were 16-18, with only a few being over 18.

Was the plot easy to follow? Why/why not?

I asked this because I was worried that the film may have been too complex for some audiences to follow, however based on my feedback most people could easily follow the narrative, the exception being two audience members who didn't understand who left Smith the voicemail message and why Ros actually killed Smith. In retrospect, although the majority of audience members did easily follow the narrative I would've made these aspects of the plot more clear if the short film could have been longer than five minutes. However I did receive good comments about my use of the news report at the beginning of the film as it provided many background details to the story.

Did you feel that the soundtrack added to the tension and mood of the film? Why/why not?

The choice of soundtrack was very important to me as I wanted it to create the exact right tone to the film and every response to this question was positive so I think I succeeded. Some comments were that "the music built tension well, the piano music (Moonlight Sonata) towards the end got more intense as the situation got tenser" and "the song (Do I Look Pretty?) increasing in volume and oomph when the girl poisons the tea was effective."

What genre would you say my film is? -Romance/Thriller/Horror/Comedy/Drama- Why?

The majority of my participants felt that my film was a thriller, 14 out of 21, which was the desired response, however the other 7 responses felt that my film was a drama, but based on the subject content this is an easy mistake to make. Although thrillers tend to focus on crime, murder and infidelity, dramas also do these days, and because of the film's domestic setting this is probably why it was confused as a drama by some of the audience.

Why do you think Ros laid a rose on Smith's body?

The reason I asked this question was because I was worried that the main reason for Ros laying a rose on Smith's dead body would go unrealised by most of my audience members and as it turns out, it was unrealised by all but one participant who remembered that Ros' first line in the film was stating her displeasure at Smith choosing a dead rat for their calling and telling him he should've picked a rose. Therefore at the end of the movie, her laying a rose on his body is the audience's way of knowing that the rose is her new solo calling card. If I were to shoot the film again I would most likely make more out of Ros' wish for a rose to be their calling card, but because at least one person understood it without being told, I am glad that I included it.

Overall, how would you rate my film out of 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest? Why?

When adding up the results and dividing by the number of participants I got a mean score of 4.04 out of 5 so I am extremely pleased that my film was met very favourably by both a male and female audience.

Any other comments or suggestions?


The five other comments I received were simply praise so again I am very happy I elicited that response out of some of the audience members.

Audience Feedback Sheet

Friday, March 11, 2011 • •



This is the audience feedback sheet which I am going to give to an AS Film Studies class after showing them my short film. By giving this questionnaire to people I do not know it removes any biased opinions of the video that I may receive if I gave it to friends and classmates and gives me much more valid data. I can then analyse the results and use them when writing my evaluation to determine whether my video is effective.

Encoding Issues

Monday, March 07, 2011 • •

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Although editing the short film together was entirely problem free, the same cannot be said for actually managing to export the project as a playable video file. Therefore I haven't been able to upload any form of rushes to YouTube after each session of editing which is regrettable. I initally thought it was because I had transcoded the original .mov files taken from my Canon EOS 550D into compressed .mp4 files, despite having done the exact same thing with no exporting problems many times before, however after consulting my college's technical advisor, seeking advice in forums and actually contacting Adobe for technical support it seemed as though there was nothing that could be done besides filming my project's output preview in Premiere Pro with one of college's HDV cameras and then making a new project for it in Premiere Pro.
However, when all hope seemed lost I thought I would try reinstalling my operating system on my home computer and then reinstalling Premiere Pro and see if it would export successfully and to my surprise it worked first time eliminating the need for an extremely degraded quality recording as a substitute.

Alternate Title Sequence

Thursday, March 03, 2011 • •

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I made this title sequence during the editing process but couldn't use it because it made the overall length of my short film go over five minutes. It was slightly disappointing that I couldn't actually use these titles as I feel they get the audience focused and ready to watch my film whereas now my film simply begins with the news report and has the titles overlaying the first scene.

The main difference with these titles and the ones I overlaid in my final film is that these titles are synced with the music so every new bar is given a new title which is conventional when considering title sequences for all films. Also for the actual title itself of 'RAT' I used a Wipe effect to split the title up and have it come together from two sides to create the title in the middle. This is a direct homage to the title sequence of Psycho (1960, Alfred Hitchcock) which used the exact same style. The two shapes coming from the left and the right sides of the screen don't make sense on their own, however at the end of the title screen they have come together and the audience can understand what it says, therefore it has connotative meaning; that being that at the beginning of the film you may be confused but it will all become clear in the end.

Soundtrack

Monday, February 28, 2011 • •

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'Gnossienne No.1' composed by Satie (performed by Myleene Klass)
This piece of music is played over the entire first scene, is entitled 'Gnosienne No. 1' and is composed by Erik Satie and performed by Myleene Klass and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. I chose this piece of music because while it is a romantic song (and is classed as one) it also has dark tones about it, therefore personifying Smith and Roselyn's relationship with each other. It plays for the duration of Scene 1 in it's entirety but decreases in volume when the news report is seen and decreases further when Smith turns the news report off.


'Do I Look Pretty?' composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez
This song is the first of two songs that I chose for the film that were composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez for Quentin Tarantino's film Kill Bill Volume 2. While the songs are effective in themselves they also bring with them intertextual referencing for fans of Tarantino's very popular film. If the audience realise the music is borrowed from Kill Bill, a story about a woman's revenge on those who have wronged her, this will give the scene a deeper meaning to them and they will see aspects of The Bride within my character, Ros. This particular piece was also very effective for my film as it starts off quite soft but then becomes hard and sounds almost dangerous, which matches the tone of the scene perfectly, in which Ros is poisoning one of the tea cups.


'Moonlight Sonata' composed by Beethoven (unknown performer)
This piece of music is played over the majority of scene 3, is entitled 'Moonlight Sonata' and is composed by Ludwig van Beethoven but is performed by an unknown performer. I chose this piece of music because, again, much like Satie's piece, it is a romantic song yet it also has dark tones about it, again personifying Smith and Roselyn's relationship with each other. It is also an extremely popular piece of classical music, one I'm hoping my intellectual audience will instantly recognise. And because they have recognised the song, the scene will be more powerful to them.


'Budd Twang' composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez
This song is the second of two songs that I chose for the film that were composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez for Quentin Tarantino's film Kill Bill Volume 2. While the songs are effective in themselves they also bring with them intertextual referencing for fans of Tarantino's very popular film. If the audience realise the music is borrowed from Kill Bill, a story about a woman's revenge on those who have wronged her, this will give the scene a deeper meaning to them and they will see aspects of The Bride within my character, Ros. This particular piece was also effective because it's quite melancholy and shows that even though Ros felt she had to kill him to keep her pride and dignity (not just the money) she is not extremely happy about it, after all she did love the man, he was the one who betrayed her.

The Editing Process

Monday, February 21, 2011 • •

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Once I had shot all the footage for my short film I then began the process of editing - I was able to shoot the film within a week or two, therefore I thought I would wait to gather all my footage before beginning editing. I chose to edit my short film at home as I own Adobe Premiere Pro CS4, the same software my college uses and one I was already familiar with, and because I used my own DSLR camera, the Canon EOS 550D, my footage was in the form of 720p HD .mov files which needed to be transcoded to a different format before I could work with them in Premiere (CS5 allows native editing with .mov files however CS4 does not). I chose to transcode them to the .mp4 file format using Adobe Media Encoder which did compress the footage to make the files a smaller size but didn't impact the quality.

Then I began a new project in Premiere Pro and added all of my source files to the bin and divided them into different folders based on whether they belonged to scene 1, 2 or 3. After this I then added every clip into the timeline and rendered all of the footage so each clip would play in the timeline without lagging and therefore would be easy to discern where I wanted to cut the footage or if there were any problems with the footage and I needed to re-shoot, luckily all of the footage was fine and I didn't need to re-shoot anything (once I had completed shooting - as detailed in my previous posts I did have to re-shoot a few shots from Day 2 of filming but I re-filmed them on Day 4). Then, because I knew I only wanted to add one colour effect to the entire of my video, I added a filter called ProcAmp and desaturated the footage slightly (Fig. 2). This was simply because the footage seemed a little too orange due to the incandescent lighting in my locations (Fig. 1) but I didn't want to change the colours drastically. I then re-rendered all of the footage with this new effect.


Fig. 1 & 2

After all the clips had rendered I went through each and cut them down to what footage I would actually need in my film using the Razor tool primarily, out of habit, but sometimes using the simpler option of dragging the end or beginning of the clip to where I wanted to make the cut. So after the lengthy, but simple process of placing every shot filmed in chronological order I decided to add titles to the beginning of my film to be superimposed in the first scene (but not over the news report as that would distract the audience too much from important plot details divulged by the news reader). To do this I created titles for every credit I wanted at the beginning of the film including Man of War Productions, a film by Louis Cochran, a cast list and lastly the title of the film itself. I used the font Gotham which I had installed on my computer by default and felt that this bold and striking sans serif font was perfect for my film as I didn't want to have a gimmicky font to do with rats themselves. I also like the font because it is the same font used for the promotion of the movie Inception (2010, Christopher Nolan) which is also a thriller. I made the font red to connotate love, danger and death, three elements common of thrillers and my own film and gave a it drop shadow to make sure it would still be visible upon any background (Fig. 3).


Fig. 3

Now that the video editing was complete, it was time to add music and adjust the sound, which probably took a longer time to perfect than the actual video editing of the film. I began by placing the musical soundtrack where I wanted them, using 'Gnossienne No.1' composed by Satie (performed by Myleene Klass) in the first scene, 'Do I Look Pretty?' composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez in the second scene and 'Moonlight Sonata' composed by Beethoven (unknown performer) and 'Budd Twang' composed and performed by Robert Rodriguez in the third and final scene. I then cropped them and used audio transitions to have each of them fade out when the scene changed/when Smith dies in scene 3 (Fig. 4).


Fig. 4

Whereas the music for the first, third and fourth songs was primarily designed to be background music, the second song, 'Do I Look Pretty' had a direct impact on the editing of the second scene as I wanted the song to match the action perfectly. So I decided that although the editing was technically finished on the video I would cut it down further to fit in with the music, particularly the flourish towards the end of the song which I synced with Ros pouring the rat poison into the tea cup (Fig. 5).


Fig. 5

Another aspect of this scene, earlier on just after Ros has listened to the voicemail, is that there were no ambient sounds whatsoever which is exactly what I intended, I wanted the audience to engage with the emotional shock Ros has just been through. However when Ros drops the phone, it felt odd without any sound at all, so I included the recorded sound of the phone dropping but I lowered the volume and didn't include any other ambient noise past this point for this scene (Fig. 6).


Fig. 6

Another element of the sound that was imperative to get perfect was the sound of coughing being played over two points in the film, when Smith assumes Ros is dying, and when Smith is actually dying as Ros speaks to him. The first occasion was easy enough as I had recorded the sound of Leann (Ros) coughing again and again for this exact purpose Fig. 8), however when I tried to get Scott (Smith) to cough again and again he seemed to be struggling to breathe afterwards so rather than put him at risk I went with what I had so far which was repeated several times but because of the gaps between (Fig. 7), only someone looking for similarities in coughs would notice (which of course not many audience members would).


Fig. 7 & 8

The final thing I had to do in regards to the sound was edit the sound levels of the clips as the ambient noise was sometimes distracting. I simply created audio keyframes on the sound clips in the timeline and raised them there was speech and lowered them when there was only ambient noise to be heard.


Fig. 9

Then it was simply a matter of exporting the footage to create a working movie file ready to be uploaded to YouTube and burnt to a DVD, however it wasn't as simple as that for me as I will detail in my next post.

Shooting - 'Rat' - Day 5

Saturday, February 12, 2011 • •

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I was originally going to shoot Leann reading her final lines to Smith on Day 4 however the shoot had gone on for a few hours and my actors were getting restless so I decided to call it a day because I needed these last few lines to be delivered seriously.

Drawing influence from Kill Bill Volume 2 (see my previous textual analysis) I chose to have Ros' last lines in upside down CUs and MCUs (upside down because they are from Smith's point of view as he dies on the floor)  and I think they work very well. Her first few lines are spoken in MCU (Fig. 1) but as Ros gets more intense and emotional with her speech (asking Smith when he stopped loving her) the view cuts to CUs to make the audience empathise with her (Fig. 2).


Fig. 1 & 2

Shooting - 'Rat' - Day 4

Friday, February 11, 2011 • •

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Thankfully, the majority of the filming had been completed on Day 2 so Day 4 wasn't too hard going. I got Scott, Leann and myself together at Leann's house again and continued on with the filming. However, before I could film any new scenes I needed to re-shoot two shots which I discovered after filming had gone wrong. Both involved pivotal lines being spoken but I accidentally had my finger over my camera's microphone holes. Luckily it only happened twice and I have learnt from my mistake and didn't let it happen again on Day 4.

The shot below (Fig. 1 & 2) is a simple but effective shot as it begins with Scott out of focus but then he leans forward and comes into focus and the camera tilts upwards as he drinks from his tea cup. It is also noteworthy because it, again, brings angles into importance. At this moment in time, the audience may believe that Leann is dying and Smith still has the power here so the camera is low angled making Smith seem dominant.


Fig 1 & 2

This dominance is then immediately taken away from Smith as the second he drinks from his tea cup we cut to an extremely high angled shot which makes him seem small and takes away his dominance (Fig. 3). We still do not entirely know what has happened so the shot of Ros' smile (Fig. 4) is straight on rather than high or low angled.


Fig. 3 & 4

Once Smith has died on the floor, after Ros tells him how she managed to outwit him (scenes to be filmed on Day 5) the next important CUs are those of the rose (Fig. 5), Ros' new solo calling card, this is why I purposely included the rose in the frame behind Ros every chance I got, to foreshadow the coming of a new solo criminal, Ros, who leaves a calling card of a rose on the bodies of her victims (Fig. 6).


Fig. 5 & 6

The final shot of the film was influenced by Psycho, however it was originally going to be very similar to the slow zoom in to Norman at the end of the film however, this shot didn't work practically because my camera's lens range wasn't large enough so I settled for a simpler shot but more haunting than a slow zoom may have been as Ros drinks her tea and then suddenly breaks the fourth wall and stares directly into the camera.


Fig. 7

Shooting - 'Rat' - Day 3

Thursday, February 10, 2011 • •

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Day 3 of shooting consisted of obtaining a voice recording of my sister, Tassia, reading out her lines over the phone to me. I filmed nothing but let my camera's microphone record her speech. I had to do it this way because she was currently in Whitby when I wanted to obtain the recording, but it actually worked out extremely well. Originally I was going to record her reading her lines while she was in the room with me, and then edit the audio in Premiere Pro to make it sound like it was coming through a telephone (the reason behind this was to make sure I got a high quality recording of the lines no matter what) but when I realised I couldn't do that with my time constraints I decided having a high quality version wasn't important when it would sound great coming from a mobile phone on loudspeaker anyway.

Shooting - 'Rat' - Day 2

Tuesday, February 08, 2011 • •

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For Day 2 of filming I gathered myself, Leann and Scott together at Leann's house and began filming. For the opening I wanted subvert general film conventions (not specifically thriller conventions) by not showing my main characters in the film first. Firstly I show the Newsreader reading the news (Fig. 1) (slightly expositional but necessary for a short film with a need-to-know backstory) and then the first thing we see of a presumed protagonist is his thumb (Fig. 2), not even his face. Then the audience do see his face, but it is obscured by a balaclava, which he does then take off. If my film was feature length, I would draw these shots out in length to increase anticipation in the audience.


Fig. 1 & 2

Then the character of Ros is introduced, she is wearing a balaclava too (the same one actually) but she also takes it off to deliver her lines. The shot below (Fig. 3) is important because it features a subtly placed rose behind her, as she talks about using a rose for a calling card instead of a rat.


Fig. 3

The shots below are OTS (over the shoulder) shots of Smith watching television, the aforementioned Shallow Grave clips for intertexuality and foreshadowing.


Fig. 4 & 5

When shooting these shots, it was important that I shoot from a high angle to make Ros seem weak to enhance audience empathy later (Fig. 6). I tried to reshoot the CU of the mobile phone several times (Fig. 7) however every time I tried I still got the same glare from the phone so I decided to use this shot anyway, as even if you can't see that she's calling voicemail, the impending message makes it clear what she's doing anyway.


Fig. 6 & 7

Again the high angle is employed in this shot is used to imply how weak Ros feels right now but the reason I'm including it here is because to achieve these shots which make it appear as though Ros has dropped the phone from ear level to the ground which would most likely break it I had her drop the phone (my own phone actually) into a colander which was held just out of shot, and then dropped from just out of the frame's view to the floor.


Fig. 8 & 9

The following two shots (Fig. 10 & 11) are an example of an eyeline match and take place just after she notices the rat poison in the dish next to the dropped phone. I could have just assumed the audience would know that the little green pellets in the dish were rat poison but I needed to include this just to make absolutely sure the audience knew what she was dosing the tea with.


Fig. 10 & 11

This shot is an extremely low angle to make Ros seem highly powerful and dominant (Fig. 12), because in this scene she is. She's taking control and poisoning her deceitful partner. I also intend to make the shot slow motion in which Ros pours the poison into the tea to emphasise her actions to the audience.


Fig. 12 & 13

In this shot (Fig. 14 is at the beginning of this shot, Fig. 15 is at the end) I have placed the camera above the table and will keep returning to the table at this viewpoint. I originally wanted a round or square table because I wanted to make the table with the tea sitting on it seem like a game board, as after all, it is a very deadly game Ros and Smith end up playing with each other.


FIg. 14 & 15

For many of the following shots (Fig. 16 & 17) I drew upon Mr. and Mrs. Smith for influence during the dinner scene in which close ups and high/low angles are utilized almost constantly to indicate who has the upper hand in their subtle confrontation, a technique I have emulated here.



Fig. 16, 17, 18 & 19

I would've continued filming the scene and finishing the film however this was when my camera's battery ran out of charge so I was forced to call it a day and resume filming another time soon.

Shooting - 'Rat' - Day 1 (and Editing News Report)

Tuesday, February 01, 2011 • •

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For the first day of shooting, I filmed Jenny reading the news section of my film in my college's green room (Fig. 1). I shot her reading the news a few times in a MCU as this is conventional for news reports. After importing the footage into Premiere Pro I used the chroma key effect to replace the background with the image of the Humber Bridge I posted previously. However, I decided it looked too amateur and so I used a Windows Vista default wallpaper (this kind of backdrop is heavily utilized in news broadcasts), tinted it blue and placed it behind Jenny in Premiere Pro (Fig. 2). I preferred the effect a lot more and felt it looked much more professional. Then, emulating Calendar News, I simply put the title of my news broadcast in the bottom left corner without a clock or a scrolling banner (as a scrolling banner is more common to national broadcasts whereas this is only a local broadcast).


Fig. 1 & 2

I also shot two scenes that I also need before I shoot the actual film itself, and they are recordings of two scenes from the Danny Boyle film 'Shallow Grave.' Smith will put this film on the television as Ros leaves the room to make the tea and it will be used as an intertextual device foreshadowing the betrayal about to take place in my narrative, similar to the multiple betrayals seen in the final scenes of 'Shallow Grave' itself. I decided to film the film being played on my computer monitor as importing the film itself into Premiere Pro would've been complicated and time-consuming and I like the grainy, weathered effect when a film is filmed, it made Shallow Grave seem a lot grittier than it already was.


Fig. 3 & 4

After editing the news report and the 'Shallow Grave' footage together in Premiere Pro, I then burnt the video file to a DVD, ready to be played during filming, when I shoot my actual film.

Update: 21st January 2011

Friday, January 21, 2011 • •

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After deciding that the character change would be too damaging to the film, I managed to convince Scott to return to his role of Smith, so therefore I am sticking with the original script. A link to the revised script featuring Nina is here.

I plan to cast and shoot the news report in the college's green room next week and to shoot the film in two sections (as outlined in the previous update) next week/weekend depending on when my actors and locations are available. I aim to have uploaded some raw footage by next week's update, on the 28th.

Update: 14th January 2011

Friday, January 14, 2011 • •

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I have decided to adapt my screenplay to include two female partners in crime rather than a male and female criminal couple due to unavoidable casting changes. Leann will still remain in her role as Roselyn but a friend from my Media class, Jenny, will now be portraying a female version of Smith, called Nina. It will only affect the plot slightly however, Nina is planning to ditch Roselyn, take the money and run away with an unknown male. Roselyn then listens to a voicemail from the male and poisons Nina.

I am in the process of updating the screenplay to encorporate these changes. However, before I shoot the short film I need to shoot the news report which I plan to shoot tonight with my sister in the role of the newsreader (I think she will more believable as a newsreader rather than a student because she is 24). I will attempt to use the chroma key effect in Premiere Pro to replace a neutral background with the image of the Humber Bridge I have created, however if the effect doesn't work well enough, I will use a fellow student and shoot it in my college's green room next week. I aim to shoot the actual short film in two sessions, one in which Roselyn is alone in the kitchen discovering Nina's betrayal (scene 2), and the other in which I shoot scenes 1 (Roselyn and Nina returning home) and 3 (Nina's death) when Leann and Jenny are both free.